In India, the government offered a bounty on rats. The intention was to eradicate a noxious pest. One unanticipated result was the establishment of rat farms, where rats were bred and harvested for the bounty. In Florida, a worker at a dog kennel noticed lots of snakes on the premises. He systematically killed them all. Then the rat population increased dramatically.
1930's-now: Small farms yield to giant food companies.1825: Thomas Kensett patents tin-plated cans.1864: First salmon cannery in the United States.1861: 3,500 steamboats operating on western rivers.1870's: Introduction of roller milling for wheat.Kitchen cabinets also don�t have to be limited to one side of the countertop. If your kitchen design has a peninsula or island, you can use the ends and back side for more cabinet storage space.Perhaps there may be some hope, after all.Civil War: northern plains begin using hard spring wheat.Civil War: Both armies use canning to supply troops.In June, 2002 the Journal of the American Medical Association recommended that every American use a daily multi-nutrient supplement to address the issue of deficient diets. What makes this unusual is the fact that mainstream medicine has fought tooth and nail with the forces of vitamin and mineral supplementation for decades. Previously, supplementation had been characterized by them as a mostly harmless waste of money.1843: Norman Rillieux patents his multiple-effect evaporator for sugar cane.1930: Thomas Midgley invents Freon.1874: Refrigerator cars are used regularly to ship meat from Midwest stockyards to the east.1802: World's first successful beet sugar factory begins operation.1865: Thaddeus Lowe invents ice machine.1870: Karl von Linde uses ammonia as refrigerant, begins its manufacture.1892: First cans of pineapples.1910: Steel-roller flour milling is commonplace.1900: Dairy products a full-fledged industry.1869: Hippolyte Mege-Mouries develops oleomargarine.Before 1830: Flour sieved through bolting cloth.1840: 4,500 miles of canals carry U.S. goods.Storage is definitely a consideration in designing a functional kitchen. If you are limited by floor space, just look up. There is often a great deal of space between the counter tops and ceiling that just isn�t being used in a kitchen. Look at the space above the refrigerator. Is yours just collecting dust or take out menus? If so, add a cabinet and you�ve got a great place to store seldom used platters or treats you want to keep hidden from the children.1895: Lewis B. Halsey begins commercial production of pasteurized milk.Counters & Cabinets1765: Spallanzani suggests preserving by means of hermetic sealing.Here is a timeline of this nutritional revolution:1839: Glass bottles yield to tin cans.6 Rub vigorously at all surfaces, starting from the top and working downwards. If one of your cleaning rags starts looking an interesting colour, change it, or else have a handy basin of warm water nearby to rinse it out in.1880: Canned fruits and meats first appear in stores.4 Arm yourself with your cleaning tools. It�s important to use natural cleaning products that have low toxicity as harsh chemicals can and will contaminate your food. For this reason, it�s also best to avoid using essential oils to clean the fridge, lovely and natural as they are. Few people like lavender-flavoured cheese (although fresh lavender could go quite nicely as a marinade or in a cheese sandwich, but that�s another story...). Baking soda is your best bet, as it doesn�t scratch and absorbs those smells. Use dilute white vinegar as a back-up if you need it. Also provide yourself with a small array of soft cloths, some dipped in fresh water and some left dry. An old toothbrush (not the one that you keep for cleaning the lavatory) will also come in handy.1930's: The first packages of frozen food, developed by Clarence Birdseye, appear on the shelves of 10 grocery stores in Springfield, Mass.1878: Full-scale egg dehydrating plant in operation.1927: Airplanes first used to dust crops with insecticides.1890: The Babcock test makes dairymen honest.1820: William Underwood opens a canning factory in Boston.1877: Frozen mutton shipped from Argentina to France.These are examples of the Law of Unintended Consequences, which states that any human action--whether or not it produces the desired result--is likely to produce an entirely different result (possibly in conflict with the original intention.) Typically, such results are completely unexpected. Often, they are just as completely undesired.The newest gadgets in these mega kitchens make timesaving and energy efficiency into an art form. There are refrigerator drawers right next to the range and microwaves that brew your coffee while making your toast!Post-WWII: Restructured foods.1819: Canning firms operating in New York City.1865: Patent for dried eggs issued.1878: Gustav de Laval invents the centrifugal cream separator.1990's: Recombinant DNA biologically engineered foods.7 Use a clean damp rag to remove the baking soda paste once you have scrubbed everything.12 Put everything back into the fridge. Start with the racks, etc. first, of course!1874: Margarine introduced to the United States.13 Keep the milk out and have a cup of tea as a reward for a job well done.If your budget calls for a complete renovation, then now is the time to really think about layouts and maybe calling in some specialist. The basic theory is that there should be no more than 2 steps between work stations. That means you should be able to go from the sink to stove in 2 steps; from the range to the refrigerator in 2 steps and so on. However, with today�s extra large sized kitchens that�s not the case any more. You still should choose layouts that consider how much time it takes to accomplish the normal tasks of putting dishes away from the dishwasher or getting foods from the refrigerator to the stove.Late 1880's: Mechanically refrigerated cars running on railroads.2 Remove all the food and other bits from inside the refrigerator. Check all of them to make sure that they�re still in the land of the living. Items that are not can have a quick one-way trip into the compost heap.1864: Louis Pasteur invents pasteurization (for wine).The finishing touches are what make kitchen designs more inviting than ever. The furnishings, light fixtures and even the cabinet hardware can make kitchens into real living rooms. Look for task lighting that can highlight work spaces and then radiant lighting for atmosphere. You can even turn the legs of old furniture or newel posts into bases for centre islands to make you kitchen furnishings blend with the rest of the house. Get creative and enjoy doing much more than cooking in your new kitchen.1818: Peter Durand introduces the tin can in America.5 Shake baking soda liberally around the refrigerator and don�t forget the door. Use one of your wet or damp cloths to scoop up some more baking soda � it will form a paste when wet � and start applying it to the sides and roof.11 Tackle the trays, drawers and racks. Wash these the way that you would wash the dishes, either in the sink or in the dishwasher (in the sink is probably quicker and easier, as the trays are a beast to fit in the dishwasher). Use vodka or some other strong alcohol to wipe down meat drawers or meat trays to kill any bacteria. Rinse and dry everything as normal.1920's: Solvent extraction replaces expeller-pressed process for oils.Let�s review some of the changes which the Standard American Diet has pioneered: American food has been stripped of virtually all of its essential nutrients. Sugar and fat seem to be the major ingredients in virtually every American food. (About 45 percent of the caloric value of our diet comes from fat, and we use about 100 pounds of sugar per person per year.) Our consumption of hydrogenated fat is the highest in the world. We have virtually eliminated vegetables from our diet. We have drastically reduced the variety of foodstuffs we eat. We no longer rotate our diet with the change of the seasons. We consume about six pounds of synthetic food additives per person per year. Our widespread use of denatured flours, refined sugars, devitalized fats and oils, and synthetic food additives has been in effect for about one hundred years. Speaking in individual terms, this is a long time. In terms of the human race, it is a very short time. These dietary changes are quite radical when compared to human dietary tradition. And they don't seem to be good for you, either. As the American diet has changed, so has our health. Americans now lead the world in obesity, diabetes and heart disease. In fact, consumption of the Standard American Diet constitutes a chronic metabolic insult. Ours is the only civilization in history which has single-handedly managed to break its food.1903: The great corporation is the basic unit of American industry.1755: William Cullen produces ice by causing water to evaporate in a vacuum container.About 1920: Mechanical refrigerators for homes appear.Laying Out Completely New Kitchen Designs1795: Francois Appert designs preserving jar for food.Fixtures and Furniture1915: Ford produces his millionth car.1820: More than 9000 miles of surfaced roads in the United States.1860: More than 88,000 miles of surfaced roads in the United States.New countertops don�t always need to be included in this home improvement project either. Laminate countertops come with repair strips that will give new life to a worn surface.9 Use a dry rag to dry everything off.1877: Joel Tiffany patents a successful refrigerator car.
Perhaps there may be some hope, after all.
Author: Ronald Brown
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